We’ll get to these technical terms later, but first let’s look at all the cool things you can do with quenching. To determine the effects that quenching can have on a metal, materials scientists may use Jominy tests or time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves. One really important phase transformation is martensite to austenite in steel, which I am going to discuss in-depth later. Quenching can refine crystal grains or manipulate phase changes. Quenching is an important processing step for many materials. Most people think quenching is just dunking red-hot steel into a bucket of water, but materials scientists can quench in water, oil, liquid nitrogen, or even air. Quenching is the process of rapidly cooling a material (usually a metal) in order to obtain desirable mechanical properties like increased strength and hardness. Quenching is an ancient method of rearranging the atomic structure of a material. This is called “quenching” (don’t feel bad if you thought this was called “tempering,” that is a common mistake). On TV, you’ve probably seen bladesmiths dunk a red-hot sword into water or oil.
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